Power-to-Gas (PtG) Hydrogen for Clean Transport: Power-to-Gas Policy, Infrastructure, and Strategies for Net-Zero Mobility
Keywords:
Power-to-Gas hydrogen, Green hydrogen for transport, Hydrogen fuel cell policy, Hydrogen infrastructure development, Net-zero mobility strategies, Energy transition and hydrogen, Green hydrogenAbstract
Power-to-Gas (PtG) hydrogen technology, which converts renewable electricity into hydrogen, is increasingly recognized as a pivotal solution for decarbonizing the transport sector. Transport contributes nearly one-quarter of global energy-related CO₂ emissions, and sectors such as heavy-duty vehicles, rail, shipping, and aviation remain difficult to electrify directly. PtG-based hydrogen offers a clean, flexible fuel option for fuel-cell electric vehicles (FCEVs) and hydrogen-derived e-fuels, positioning it as an important complement to direct electrification. This paper addresses the central research question of how PtG hydrogen can be effectively embedded into transport policy frameworks to accelerate decarbonization and unlock economic opportunities. Methodologically, the study combines comparative policy analysis, stakeholder mapping, and synthesis of international best practices. Drawing on case studies from Europe, Asia, and the Americas, the paper identifies both enablers and barriers to PtG adoption. Unlike conventional reviews, this work contributes a structured framework that links global lessons with actionable, measurable, and time-bound policy pathways. The novelty of the paper lies in its integrated three-part contribution: (i) contextualizing international experiences specifically for PtG transport applications, (ii) developing SMART-oriented recommendations—such as corridor-based refueling strategies, contracts-for-difference, and green bonds—that address cost and infrastructure barriers, and (iii) presenting an implementation roadmap that aligns policy instruments with timelines, financing mechanisms, and stakeholder responsibilities. Findings highlight that while more than $100 billion in public funds have been announced for hydrogen globally, project pipelines remain fragile, and strong policy support is required to achieve large-scale deployment. Conversely, bold policy frameworks could enable PtG hydrogen to deliver significant emissions reductions, enhance energy security, and foster industrial innovation. The study concludes with evidence-based recommendations for infrastructure deployment, regulatory alignment, public–private partnerships, and international collaboration. By equipping policymakers with a structured roadmap, this paper positions PtG hydrogen as a cornerstone of sustainable, net-zero transport.
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